The current study aimed to analyze the camel meat sector in the western south of Tunisia (Kebili); and to determine the different actors in the camel meat value chain and the interweaving interactions between them. The survey used in this study involved a sample of breeders (18), butchers (7), slaughterhouses (2) and consumers (58). A mind map was drawn to position the actors and identify the relational flows between them in the camel meat value chain. The results showed that camel farming is organized in herds of varying size, and two herd groups were thus defined: one group of large-sized herds with an average of 94 ± 27 heads and a second group of medium-sized herds with an average of 34 ± 27 heads. The percentage of breeders managing large-sized herds was 56%, while those of medium-sized herds were 44%. Besides, the butchers are always the ones who slaughter the camels. The survey showed the presence of another influential actor in the camel meat value chain, the trader, whose role is highlighted through the establishment of the mind map, which revealed that the trader has a strong dependency relationship with the breeder and the butcher. Indeed, in order to have the raw material that is necessary for his business, the latter may purchase camels either from the trader or directly from the breeder in the livestock market. The mind map also showed a weak relationship between the official services and the breeder, the butcher, or even the absence of the trader.Moreover, two marketing channels have been identified using the mind map: a short channel (traditional) involving the breeder, butcher, and consumer, and a long channel (integrated) involving an additional actor, the trader, who might contribute to the increase of the meat price. In conclusion, this study showed that the value of the meat camel chain remains marginalized because of the multiplicity of stakeholders. This marginalization points to the fact that the intervention of the official services is diluted, in particular in the long channel, leading to clandestine trafficking and the marketing of uncontrolled camel meat.

The objective of this study was to characterize a date powder from Deglet Nour. For this purpose, the effects of conventional drying and grinding processes were evaluated. Deglet Nour dates powders were obtained through a convective hot air drying (HAD), at a temperature of 70°C and air flow velocity value of 1.5m s-1. Color coordinates, water activity (aw), moisture, sugar, fat and ash contents, hygroscopicity, wettability, water solubility index (WSI), and total phenolic content of dates powder were determined. 

The obtained powder has great degree of hygroscopicity, and this is due to its low moisture <8 g g-1 H2O) and its low water activity (0.443) which increased the water concentration gradient between the product and surrounding air. Thus, it has higher capacity to absorb moisture from environment. On the other hand, both solubility index and sugar content were affected for date powder after drying and grinding processes. Our findings ascertained that intensification of both processes should be applied to overcome these negative impacts

Testing for virus presence on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) collection from the Gene Bank of the Republic of Srpska was conducted during the growing season of 2023 in the greenhouse of the Institute of Genetic Resources, University of Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Thirty samples were taken and preliminary tested for presence of 3 viruses: TSWV (Tomato spotted wilt virus, Tospovirus), TBRV (Tomato black ring virus, Nepovirus), ToBRFV (Tomato brown rugose fruit virus, Tobamoviruses) with ELISA (Bioreba) test. Fourteen samples were positive for TSWV presence and negative for other two viruses. The previous research has been conducted on the presence of TSWV on conventional tomato varieties in the open field and in the greenhouse, but never on the tomato accessions from the Gene Bank that represent domesticated tomato germplasm.

The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of the application of vegetative herbicides on the weed infestation and the productivity in cultivars common winter wheat. The investigations were carried out during 2018–2021 at Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute – General Toshevo (DAI). The following herbicides were used: Ergon WG (50 g/ha), Starane Gold (1800 ml/ha), Biatlon 4D+Desh (50g/ha+500ml/ha) and Korelo Duo+Das Oil (260.5 g/ha+500ml/ha) from the group of sulfunylureas with various mechanism of action. The preparations were applied at stage 29 and 37 (according to Zadoks) of three cultivars common winter wheat, Rada, Kosara and Pchelina. The herbicide effect was determined by the quantitative weight method and evaluated by the EWRS scale. Four-factor dispersion analysis was applied. The factors year conditions, cultivar, herbicide and stage were followed. Regardless of the cultivars and the stage of treatment, Starane gold  had highest efficiency (100%) against the following investigated weeds: Sinapis arvensis L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Anthemis arvensis L., Galium tricorne (Stock.), Consolida orientalis (J. Gay) and Cirsium arvensis L. Ergon WG, Biatlon 4D+Desh and Korelo Duo+Das Oil had 100% efficiency against Sinapis arvensis L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Anthemis arvensis L. and Cirsium arvensis L. and lower effect (90-94%) on Galium tricorne (Stock), Consolida orientalis (J. Gay). The factors with highest strength of effect were the year conditions (60%) and the used cultivar (30%).

In this study, the agricultural structure of Tekirdağ province, which has an important share in Turkey's agricultural production, especially in the production of field crops, and agricultural supports were analyzed and evaluated. In Tekirdağ province, field crops are grown on a total area of 3.827.333 decares. Wheat is cultivated on approximately 1,966,333 decares of this area and sunflower on 1,424,669 decares. According to 2021 data, Tekirdağ ranks 1st in sunflower production with 399,531 kg and 2nd in wheat agriculture with 1,026,211 kg. As of 2021, Tekirdağ realizes approximately 6% of Turkey's total wheat production and 18% of sunflower production. The share of total agricultural subsidies received by the province, which ranks high in terms of production in these two strategic products, decreased from 2.4% in 2010 to 1.9% in 2020. While the province's share of area-based subsidies for diesel-fertilizer support is around 2.8% in Turkey, its share of premium-based subsidies is 4.6%.