Diagnosis of Actors and Relational Flows of Camel Meat Value Chain in the Western South of Tunisia

Amel Najjar, Hanen El Mahroug, Haikel Hechlef & Sana Khaldi

doi:https://doi.org/10.29329/ijiaar.2024.656.1

Original article | Open Access
International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research 2024, Vol. 8(1) 1-14

Diagnosis of Actors and Relational Flows of Camel Meat Value Chain in the Western South of Tunisia

Amel Najjar, Hanen El Mahroug, Haikel Hechlef & Sana Khaldi

pp. 1 - 14 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/ijiaar.2024.656.1

Published online: March 31, 2024 | Number of Views: 53 | Number of Download: 173

Download PDF

Abstract

The current study aimed to analyze the camel meat sector in the western south of Tunisia (Kebili); and to determine the different actors in the camel meat value chain and the interweaving interactions between them. The survey used in this study involved a sample of breeders (18), butchers (7), slaughterhouses (2) and consumers (58). A mind map was drawn to position the actors and identify the relational flows between them in the camel meat value chain. The results showed that camel farming is organized in herds of varying size, and two herd groups were thus defined: one group of large-sized herds with an average of 94 ± 27 heads and a second group of medium-sized herds with an average of 34 ± 27 heads. The percentage of breeders managing large-sized herds was 56%, while those of medium-sized herds were 44%. Besides, the butchers are always the ones who slaughter the camels. The survey showed the presence of another influential actor in the camel meat value chain, the trader, whose role is highlighted through the establishment of the mind map, which revealed that the trader has a strong dependency relationship with the breeder and the butcher. Indeed, in order to have the raw material that is necessary for his business, the latter may purchase camels either from the trader or directly from the breeder in the livestock market. The mind map also showed a weak relationship between the official services and the breeder, the butcher, or even the absence of the trader.Moreover, two marketing channels have been identified using the mind map: a short channel (traditional) involving the breeder, butcher, and consumer, and a long channel (integrated) involving an additional actor, the trader, who might contribute to the increase of the meat price. In conclusion, this study showed that the value of the meat camel chain remains marginalized because of the multiplicity of stakeholders. This marginalization points to the fact that the intervention of the official services is diluted, in particular in the long channel, leading to clandestine trafficking and the marketing of uncontrolled camel meat.

Keywords: Actors, Camel Meat, Mind Map, Relational Flows, Value Chain

How to Cite this Article

APA 6th edition
Najjar, A., Mahroug, H.E., Hechlef, H. & Khaldi, S. (2024). Diagnosis of Actors and Relational Flows of Camel Meat Value Chain in the Western South of Tunisia . International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research, 8(1), 1-14. doi: 10.29329/ijiaar.2024.656.1

Harvard
Najjar, A., Mahroug, H., Hechlef, H. and Khaldi, S. (2024). Diagnosis of Actors and Relational Flows of Camel Meat Value Chain in the Western South of Tunisia . International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research, 8(1), pp. 1-14.

Chicago 16th edition
Najjar, Amel, Hanen El Mahroug, Haikel Hechlef and Sana Khaldi (2024). "Diagnosis of Actors and Relational Flows of Camel Meat Value Chain in the Western South of Tunisia ". International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research 8 (1):1-14. doi:10.29329/ijiaar.2024.656.1.

References

Arbi, M.A.A. & FayeB. (2019). Genetic improvement in dromedary camels: challenges and opportunities. Frontiers in Genetics, 10:167. [Google Scholar]
Alary, V., Amsidder, L., Araba, A., Capote, C.B., Bedhiaf-Romdhani, S., Ben Salem, W., Boujenane, I., Elena,C., Letaif,N., Faye,B., Gaouar,S.B.S., Pastrana, C.I., Baena, S.N.&Amine, L. (2021). Social network analysis of the stakeholders involved in the dromadery sector in the mediterranean region. Sustainability, 13(21), 12127. [Google Scholar]
Alemnesh, Y., Mitiku,E. & Kibebew, B. (2020). Current Status of Camel Dairy Processing and Technologies: A Review. Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 10:362-377. [Google Scholar]
Babege, K., Wandara, S. & Latamo, L. (2021). Potentional of camel production and management in Ethiopia: Review. Journal of Dryland Agriculture, 7(5), 67-76. [Google Scholar]
Brahimi, Z., Senoussi, A. & Faye, B. (2020). Camel meat marketing and camel meat marketplace in the Algerian northen Sahara-case of the region of Souf. Emirates Journal of food and Agriculture, 32(4): 319-327. [Google Scholar]
Brahimi, Z. & Senoussi, A. (2020). Contribution to the study of camel meat consumption and highlightning a typology of camel meat consumer in Souf Region-Algerian Northern Sahara. Algerian Journal of Arid environment, 9(1), 77-87. [Google Scholar]
Biesalski, H. (2005). Meat as a component of a healthy diet – Are there any risks or benefits if meat is avoided in the diet? Meat Sciences, 70:509–524. [Google Scholar]
Burger, P.A., Ciani,E.& Faye,B.(2019). Old world camels in a modern world – a balancing act between conservation and genetic improvement. Animal Genetics, 50, 598-612. [Google Scholar]
Bougherara, H., Dib, A.L., Boukhechem, S., Bouaziz,A., Kadja,L., Ghougal,K., Oubira,I., Chari,Z., Kerrour,N.S., Lamri,M., Lakhdara, N. & Bererhi, E.(2023). Valorization of Camel Meat and Meat Products in the World and in Algeria. Biology and Life Sciences Forum, 22, 11. [Google Scholar]
Chniter, M., Hammadi, M., Khorchani, T., Krit, R., Benwahada A.&Hamoud, M.B. (2013). Classification of Maghrebi camels (Camelus dromedarius) according to their tribal affiliation and body traits in southern Tunisia. Emirates Journalof Food and Agriculture, 25: 625–34. [Google Scholar]
FAO. (2013). Caractérisation génétique des ressources génétiques animales. Directives FAO sur la production et la santé animale, N°11, Rome, p151. [Google Scholar]
FAOSTAT. (2020). Données sur les productions mondiales de lait et deviande pour les différentes espèces d’élevage. Rome: FAO. Available at : www.fao.org/faostat/fr/#data. [Google Scholar]
Faye, B., Abdelhedi, O., Raiymbek, G., Kadim, I.& Hocquette, J.F. (2013). La production de viande de chameau : état des connaissances, situation actuelle et perspective. INRA Productions Animales, 26(3), 289-300. [Google Scholar]
Faye, B., Jaouad, J., Bhrawi, K., Senoussi, A.& Bengoumi, M. (2014). Elevage camelin en Afrique du Nord: Etat des lieux et perspectives. Revued’Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 67, 213–221. [Google Scholar]
Hussein, A., Aujla, K.M.& Hassan, S. (2013). Production and marketing of camel products in semi-desert and desert area of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 26(2): 130-142. [Google Scholar]
INS. (2023). Institut National de la métérologie. Available at: www.meteo.tn [Google Scholar]
Jaouad, M. (2009). Economic importance, potentials and performance of Tunisian meat sector: red meat supply response and its determinants. New Medit, 2, 31-36. [Google Scholar]
Jemli, M.H., Boulajfene, H. Azaouzi, Z., Ben SalemW., & Khaldi, S. (2018). Camel breeding development project in Tunisia. Revue Marocaine des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires, 6(2), 256-259. [Google Scholar]
Kadim, I.T., Al-Amri, I.S., Alkindi, A.Y.& Haq, Q.M.I. (2022). Nutritional values and health benefits of dromedary camel meat. Animal Frontiers, 12(4), 61-70. [Google Scholar]
Kadim, I.T. & Sahi, A.B.A. (2018). Health aspects of camel meat: a review of literature. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 6(7): 271–272. [Google Scholar]
Kadim I.T., Mahgoub, O. & Al-Marzooqi, W. (2008). Meat quality and composition of longissimus thoracis from Arabian camel (Camelud dromedarios) and Omani beef: A comparative study. Journal of Camelid Science, 1(1):37-47. [Google Scholar]
Kammoun, M. (2011). Détermination des parameters productifs des camélidés engraissés en Tunisie. Projet Renforcement des services d’appui à l’agriculture, ESAM, p73. [Google Scholar]
Kena, D. (2022). Review on camel production and marketing status in Ethiopia. Pastoralism,12 : 38. [Google Scholar]
Letaief, S. Bedhiaf-Romdhani, S. (2022). Camel herd management under pastoral system in southern of Tunisia. Options Méditerranéennes, série A. Séminaires méditerranéens, 129, 57-62. [Google Scholar]
Letayef, N. (2018). Caractérisation des chaînes de valeur des produits camelins dans le sud tunisien. Mémoire de mastère en biotechnologie animale, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie. [Google Scholar]
Mohamed Ali, T. (2016). Analysis of the redmeat sector in Tunisia camel meat. INAT Economics Agricultural and Agrifood Manangement. Available from : https://www.memoireonline.com/04/16/9480:Analyse-de-la-filière-viande-rouge-en-tunisie-viande-cameline.html. [Google Scholar]
Moslah M., M. Hammadi and T. Khorchani. 2004. Productivité de l’élevage camelin dans les parcours du sud tunisien. Options Méditérannéennes, 62 : 343-347. [Google Scholar]
Moslam, M & Megdich, F. (1989). L’élevage camelin en Tunisie. Options Méditéranéennes, série seminaries, 2 : 33-36. [Google Scholar]
Neven, D. (2014). Developing sustainable food value chains: Guiding principles. Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nation [FAO], Rome. [Google Scholar]
Ould Ahmed, M., Ben Salem,F., Bedhiaf, S. & Djemali, M.(2009). Camel genetic [Google Scholar]
resources in Tunisia. The Second Conference of the International Society [Google Scholar]
of Camelid Research & Development, 12-14 March, Djerba, Tunisia, 2009. [Google Scholar]
Ould Ahmed, M., Ben Salem,F., Bedhiaf,S., Rekik, B.& Djemali, M.(2010). Genetic diversity in Tunisian dromadery (Camelus dromedarius) populations using microsatellite markers. Livestock Sciences, 132, 182-185. [Google Scholar]
Ramadan, S. & Inoue-Murayama, M. (2017). Advances in camel genomics and their applications: A review. The Journal of Animal Genetics, 45:49-58. [Google Scholar]
Salmi, C., Jaouad, M., Faye, B. & Rjili., H. (2017). Situation of the camel meat sector in the south-eastern Tunisia: case of the governorate of Medenin. Journal of New Sciences, n.spéc. Conférence CSIEA, 7: 2648-2653. Conférence Scientifique Internationale sur l'Environnement et l'Agriculture, Hammamet, Tunisie, 24-25 Avril 2017. [Google Scholar]
Salmi, C., Jaouad, M., Faye, B., & Haouat, F.(2018). Typologie des éleveurs camelin au sud-est tunisien en vue de leurs performances économiques. Revue des Régions Arides, n° 44, numéro spécial. Actes du colloque international « Développement socio-économique et dynamique des sociètés rurales : Pluralité d’acteurs, gestion des ressources et développement territorial », Zarzis, 3, 4 et 5 mais 2016. [Google Scholar]
Salmi, C., Jaouad, M., Faye, B. & Khorchani, T. (2015). Socio-economics indicators of the camel production sector in southeast Tunisia: main households survey results. Veterinariâ, 42(2), 4th Conference of the International Society of Camelid Research and Development, 8th to 12th June, Almaty, Kazakhstan. [Google Scholar]
Tardif, N., Jaouad, M., Khorchani T., & Faye, B. (2014). Contribution of camel breeding to the household economy in southeast Tunisia. In: Baumont R. (ed.), Carrère P. (ed.), Jouven M. (ed.), Lombardi G. (ed.), López-Francos A. (ed.), Martin B. (ed.), Peeters A. (ed.), Porqueddu C. (ed.). Forage resources and ecosystem services provided by Mountain and Mediterranean grasslands and rangelands. Zaragoza: CIHEAM / INRA / FAO / VetAgro Sup Clermont-Ferrand / Montpellier SupAgro, pp. 745-749. (Options Méditerranéennes: Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens; n. 109). Joint Meeting of the "Mountain Pastures, Mediterranean Forage Resources (FAO/ESCORENA-CIHEAM) and Mountain Cheese" Network, 2014/06/24-26, Clermont-Ferrand (France). [Google Scholar]
Zeng, B., & McGregor, M.(2008). Review of commercial options for management of feral camels. In: ‘Managing the impacts of feral camels in Australia: a new way of doing business’. DKCRC Report 47. (Eds G. P. Edwards, B. Zeng, W. K. Saalfeld, P. Vaarzon-Morel and M. McGregor.) pp. 221–282. (Desert Knowledge Cooperative Research Centre: Alice Springs.) Available from: www.desertknowledgecrc.com.au/publications/contractresearch.html [Google Scholar]

Volume 8 Issue 1

March 2024

All Articles