One of the important factors affecting rootstock performance in grafted grapevine production is root structure and its ability for different soil. In the present study, foxy grape varieties registered for the first time in the Black Sea Region in Turkey by the selection, and several American grape rootstocks were bench grafted. In this study; it is aimed to examine the root architecture of foxy grape grafted saplings for their root architecture and the development of rootstocks. In the experiment ‘Rizessi’, ‘Çeliksu’, ‘Ülkemiz’ and ‘Rizellim’ foxy grape cultivars grafted on 140Ru, SO4 and 110R rootstocks. WinRhizo root analysis program (Regent Instrument Inc. Canada, ver.2013) was used to determine rootstocks' architecture and development of grafted vine saplings. Roots prepared for scanning were placed on the scanning part of the device and transferred to the computer context. Root length and mean root diameter are two of the essential features that reveal the root architecture of rootstocks. In the study, root length (cm), root surface area (cm2), root diameter (mm), root volume (cm3), root tip number (piece), root branching number (piece), and root intersection number (piece) were determined. Total root length was determined between 330.05 - 595.40 cm ('Rizellim'/SO4 and 'Çeliksu'/140Ru) and mean root diameter of 2.04 - 3.13 mm ('Çeliksu'/140Ru and 'Rizessi'/110R). Negative relationships were found between root length and mean root diameter. Among the rootstocks, the highest root surface area was 399.67 cm2, root volume was 29.32 m3, the number of root tips was 1605.75, the number of root forks was 5421.89, and the number of root crossing was 671.61 on 110R rootstock. In all combinations obtained as a result of the study, it was determined that the rootstocks showed good root development and were in harmony with the new foxy grape cultivars.

Hygiene is critical for human health, particularly in locations where industrial meat products are produced. One of the most common causes of contamination in the meat sector is meat grinders, which are notoriously difficult to clean. As a result, eliminating the water that has accumulated in the body is critical for the meat grinders' hygiene. In the presented study the effect of tilting the neck region after grinder body washing on total bacterial growth, pH, and pathogens in a meat grinder functioning regularly in a workplace was investigated. The machine was cleaned, then set to the predetermined angle value and the sample was taken 5 minutes later.  The machine was maintained at this angle value for 15 hours, then swab was taken before the morning began. swab samples were taken after cleaning and pre-production at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 degrees slopes. When the results were combined, it was discovered that about 30% decrease in the overall number of bacteria was observed with a 30-degree tilt. Since there is no antigen in the neck region after the cleaning, there is no salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes. The pH level approached that of the cleaning water, eliminating the cleaning chemicals' impact.

The significant genotype (G) by environment (E) interaction and genetic diversity in the breeding programs are an essential issue for the breeder to develop new cultivars. The experiment was conducted in the Trakia region, Turkey at five environments during the 2015-2016 growing cycles. In the study, 25 advanced genotypes were used in randomized complete block design with four replications. Data on grain yield, days to heading, plant height, 1000-kernel weight, test weight, protein ratio, wet gluten content, gluten index, hardness, and sedimentation value were investigated. The results of variance analyses showed that there were significant differences (P<0.01) among genotypes based on all parameters investigated. Genotypes when tested across different environmental conditions often showed significant variation in grain yield. Mean grain yield across five locations ranged from the highest 6673 kg ha-1 to the smallest 5008 kg ha-1. Burgaz location was found near the ideal test environment of the average environment coordination. Therefore, location Burgaz should be regarded as the most suitable to select widely adapted genotypes. With the longest vectors from the origin, environments Edirne1 and Edirne2 were the most discriminating location. Considering simultaneously mean yield and stability, G7 and G12 were the best genotypes. G3 is more ideal genotype because it is located in the ideal center. So these genotypes can be used as for the evaluation of bread wheat genotypes in the region. With the longest vectors from the origin, traits plant height, gluten index and protein ratio was the most discriminating parameters. In the evaluation of genotypes, G2 and Pehlivan are quite stable because they are located close to the center of the horizontal axis. Genotype G3 is very favourable because it is located near the center of the horizontal axis and on all traits. G7, G24 and Aldane are located above the axis vertical genotypes are desirable based on parameters profiles.

Popcorn is a snack plant with widespread consumption in our country and around the world. Although the increasing commercialization rate in agriculture with the spread of hybrid varieties has narrowed the production area of local plant species, the production of local pop corn varieties still continue today. Therefore, in this study, 17 local popcorn genotypes and 3 commercial popcorn cultivars were grown as the second crop in Kahramanmaraş climatic conditions. In the study, local popcorn genotypes were determined by plant height, first ear height, first node diameter, ear length, ear diameter, the row number of ear, the number of grain on the ear row, number of ears per plant, and ear tassel-out time, ear silk-out time, grain yield per decare and the relationships between these properties were investigated. According to the results of the research, the plant height of the local popcorn populations was 216 - 166 cm, the height of the first ear 107 -63 cm, the diameter of the first node 22.6 - 16.7 mm, the diameter of the node of  ear  16.4 -11.8 mm, ear length 17.267 – 12.833 cm, ear diameter 32.513 – 26.120 mm, the row number of ear 16.8 -12.26, the number of grain on the ear row 38.86 -26.33, the number of ears per plant 1.8 -12 pieces, ear silk-out time 56 -48 days, the ear tassel-out time 68 -56 days and grain yield per decare 478 -260 kg da-1. In the study, positive correlations were found between first ear height and plant height, ear length and ear diameter, the number of grain on the ear row and ear length, the ear tassel-out time and grain yield per decare, ear silk-out time and first node diameter, ear silk-out time and the ear tassel-out time.

Bioremediation is a process that utilizes the degradation potential of microorganism to provide a cost-effective and reliable approach for pesticide biodegradation. For this purpose, chosen bacteria Sphingomonas melonis and Bacillus muralis were isolated from an agricultural soil sample. The biodegradation performance of these isolated bacteria at different Diquot Dipremide-(ethylene-d4) (DDE4) herbicide concentrations (250, 500 and 1000 ppm) was investigated under submerged culture conditions. Biodegradation performance of isolated bacteria was monitored with COD, TOC and, BOD5 reduction rates in culture medium at different incubation periods. According to the results; S. melonis has the highest bioremediation capacity for COD removal (91% at 250 ppm). For TOC, B. muralis has the highest removal rate as 82% at 250 ppm. On the other hand, For BOD5 at 250 ppm 85% S. melonis showed the best removal performance. Most effective removal rate at 250 ppm concentrations was obtained as 91% and 88 by S. melonis and B. muralis respectively at the end of the 216th hour for COD.  Additionally, the increase in turbidity related with population dynamics at the end of the 216 th hour positively effected the bioremediation parameters included COD, TOC and BOD5 reductions. These results showed that it can be used for effective COD, TOC and BOD5 removal in S. melonis and B. muralis on DDE4 remediation.