International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research
Abbreviation: IJIAAR | ISSN (Online): 2602-4772 | DOI: 10.29329/ijiaar

Original article    |    Open Access
International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research 2019, Vol. 3(4) 651-660

Relationship between Morphologic, Phenotypic and Pathogenic Characteristics in Macrophomina phaselina Isolates from Cucumber Plants

Fatih Mehmet Tok

pp. 651 - 660   |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/ijiaar.2019.217.11

Published online: December 10, 2019  |   Number of Views: 122  |  Number of Download: 672


Abstract

During 2018 summer season, surveys were carried out in cucumber growing areas of Hatay province of Turkey. Roots and crowns of cucumber plants showing disease symptoms such as yellowing, wilting, root rot, damping-off and gumming were collected. A total of 25 Macrophomina phaseolina isolates were determined by morphologic characteristics on PDA medium. Colony sizes were measured after incubation for 3 days on PDA and colony diameters ranged from 45 to 81mm. A strong positive correlation was present between mycelial growth and disease severity (R=0,801). PDA medium amended with 120 mM potassium chlorate was used for phenotyping. Eight isolates were dense, 12 isolates feathery and 5 isolates were restricted. A high correlation was present between mycelial growth and disease severity (R=0.920). Sclerotia size of M. phaseolina isolates ranged from 19.1 to 29.9. In the pathogenicity test, cucumber seedlings were transplanted to plastic pots containing potting mixture of soil, perlite, peat (1:1:1) amended with 50g of M. phaseolina inoculum grown in cornmeal-sand mixture. Disease severity was measured with a 0-4 scale according to the symptoms on roots. Disease severity index was varied from 2 to 4 and virulence was significantly different (P<0.05) among isolates. Dense isolates were most virulent with the 3.75 mean disease scale followed by Feathery and Restricted phenotyped isolates with 3.17 and 2.27 respectively. According to the results of this study, a high correlation (R=0.92) was determined between chlorate phenotype and virulence in M. phaseolina isolates from cucumber plants in Turkey. 

Keywords: Macrophomina, Phenotype, Pathogenicity, Virulence, Soil-borne


How to Cite this Article

APA 6th edition
Tok, F.M. (2019). Relationship between Morphologic, Phenotypic and Pathogenic Characteristics in Macrophomina phaselina Isolates from Cucumber Plants . International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research, 3(4), 651-660. doi: 10.29329/ijiaar.2019.217.11

Harvard
Tok, F. (2019). Relationship between Morphologic, Phenotypic and Pathogenic Characteristics in Macrophomina phaselina Isolates from Cucumber Plants . International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research, 3(4), pp. 651-660.

Chicago 16th edition
Tok, Fatih Mehmet (2019). "Relationship between Morphologic, Phenotypic and Pathogenic Characteristics in Macrophomina phaselina Isolates from Cucumber Plants ". International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research 3 (4):651-660. doi:10.29329/ijiaar.2019.217.11.

References
  1. Arca, G. and M. Yıldız (1990). Investigaıions on the incıdence of tobacco charçoal rot disease (Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.) in the Aegean Region, iıs paıîıogenicity and susceptibility of Turkish lobacco cullivars. J. Turk. Phytopath., 19, 13-19. [Google Scholar]
  2. Beas-Fernandez R., A. Santiago-de Santiago, S. Hern, S. Delgado and N. Mayek-Perez (2006). Characterization of Mexican ´ and non-Mexican isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina based on morphological characteristics, pathogenicity on bean seeds and endoglucanase genes. J. Plant Path., 88(1), 53–60. [Google Scholar]
  3. Baird, E.R., D.E. Carling and B.G. Mullinix (1996). Characterization and comparison of isolates of Rhizoctonia solani AG-7 from Arkansas, Indiana, and Japan, and select AG-4 isolates. Plant Dis., 80, 1421-1424. [Google Scholar]
  4. Caldwell B., E.B. Rosen, E. Sideman, A. Shelton and C. Smart (2005). Resource guide for organic insect and disease management. New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva NY, 2005. [Google Scholar]
  5. Cloud, G. L. and J.C. Rupe (1991). Preferential host selection isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina. Phytopathology, 78, 1563-1564. [Google Scholar]
  6. Das, I.K., B. Fakrudin and D.K. Arora (2008). RAPD cluster analysis and chlorate sensitivity of some Indian isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina from sorghum and their relationships with pathogenicity. Microbiol. Res., 163, 215-224. [Google Scholar]
  7. Dhingra, O.D. and J.B. Sinclair (1978). Biology and Pathology of Macrophomina phaseolina. Universidade Federal de Vicosa Minas Gerais, 14:221-225.  [Google Scholar]
  8. Iqbal, U. and T. Mukhtar (2014). Morphological and Pathogenic Variability among Macrophomina phaseolina Isolates Associated with Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Wilczek from Pakistan. Sci. World J., 14, 1-9. [Google Scholar]
  9. Jones, J.B., J.P. Jones, R.E. Stall and T.A. Zitter (1991). Compendium of tomato diseases. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul MN.  [Google Scholar]
  10. Jones, R.W., S. Canada and H. Wang (1998). Highly variable minichromosomes and highly onserved endoglucanase genes in the phytopathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. Can. J. Bot., 76, 694-698. [Google Scholar]
  11. Karcılıoğlu, A., E. Onan, M. Esentepe and E. Sezgin (1985). Ege bölgesinde ikinci ürün soya ve susam ekim alanlarında görülen fungal hastalıklar üzerinde araştırmalar. Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Yıllığı, 1:25.  [Google Scholar]
  12. Maden, S. (1987). Seed-bome fungal diseases af chick-pea in Turkey. J. Turk. Phytopath., 16, 1-8. [Google Scholar]
  13. Manici, L.M., C. Cerato and F. Caputo (1995). Pathogenic and biologic variability of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. isolates in different areas of sunflower cultivation in Italy. Proceedings of sunflower conference Pisa, Italy. Pp.284. [Google Scholar]
  14. Mayek-perez, N., C. Lopez-caataneda, M. Gonzalez-Chavira, R. Garch-Espinosa, J. Acosta-Gallegos, O. M. Vega and J. Simpson (2001). Variability of Mexican isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina based on pathogensis and AFLP genotype. Physiol. Mol. Plant. Pathol., 59, 257-264. [Google Scholar]
  15. Mihail, J. D. and S.J. Taylor (1992). Interpreting variability among isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina in pathogenicity, pycnidium production and chlorate utilization. Can. J. Bot., 73, 1596-1603. [Google Scholar]
  16. Miklas, P.N., E. Johnson, V. Stone and J.S. Beaver (1998). Inheritance and QTL analysis of field resistance to ashy stem blight in common bean. Crop Science, 38: 916-921. [Google Scholar]
  17. Mitra, M. (1931). A new bunt of wheat in India. Ann. Appl. Biol., 18, 178-179. [Google Scholar]
  18. Nene, Y.L. and M.V. Reddy (1987). Chickpea diseases and their control. Pages 233- 270 in The chickpea (Saxena, M.C. and Singh, K.B.). Wallingford, Oxon, UK: C.A.B. International. [Google Scholar]
  19. Onan, E., M. Çimen and A. Karcılıoğlu (1992). Fungal diseases of sunflovver in Aegean Region of Türkiye. J. Turk. Phytopath., 21, 101-107. [Google Scholar]
  20. Pearson, C.A.S., J.F. Leslie and F.W. Schwenk (1986). Variable chlorate resistance in Macrophomina phaseolina from corn, soybean and soil. Phytopathology, 76,646–649. [Google Scholar]
  21. Pekgöz, İ. and F.M. Tok (2018). Growth Rate, Aggressiveness, Chlorate Phenotypes and Genetic Variability of Macrophomina phaseolina Isolates from Apricot Plants. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 6(8), 977-984. [Google Scholar]
  22. Purkayastha, S., B. Kaur, N. Dilbaghi and A. Chaudhury (2004). Cultural and pathogenic variation in the charcoal rot pathogen from clusterbean,” Annals of Agri Bio Research, 9(2),217–221. [Google Scholar]
  23. Purkayastha, S., B. Kaur, N. Dilbaghi and A. Chaudhury (2006). Characterization of Macrophomina phaseolina, the charcoal rot pathogen of cluster bean, using conventional techniques and PCR-based molecular markers. Plant Pathology, 55, 106-116. [Google Scholar]
  24. Retig, N., H.D. Rabinowitch and N.A. Cedar (1973). A simplified method for determining the resistance of tomato seedlings to Fusarium and Verticillium wilts. Phytoparasitica, 1(2), 111-114. [Google Scholar]
  25. Riaz, A., S.H. Khan, S.M. Iqbal and M. Shoaib (2007). Pathogenic variability among Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, isolates and identification of sources of resistance in mash against charcoal rot. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology, 19(1),44–46. [Google Scholar]
  26. Rowe, R.C., S.A. Miller and R.M. Riedel (1995). Late blight of potato and tomato. Ohio State University Extension. Extension Fact Sheet HYG-3102-95.  [Google Scholar]
  27. Sagir, A. (1990). Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nde kavun ve karpuzlarda kök ve kök boğazı çürüklüğüne neden olan etmenler. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 28, 141-150. [Google Scholar]
  28. Sherf, A.F. and A.A. MacNab (1986). Vegetable diseases and their control. 2nd edn. John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1986. [Google Scholar]
  29. Su, G., S.O. Suh and R.W. Schneider (2001). Russian JS. Host specialization in the charcoal rot fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina. Phytopathology, 91,120-126. [Google Scholar]
  30. Sutton, B.C. (1980). The Coelomycetes: Fungi imperfecti with pycnidia, acervuli and stromata. Commonw Mycol. Inst. Assoc. Appl. Biol. Kew, England, p.696. [Google Scholar]
  31. Westerlund, F.V., R.N. Cambell and K.A. Kimble (1974). Fungal root rots and wilt of chickpea in California. Phytopathology, 664, 432–436. [Google Scholar]
  32. Yıldız, M. (1989). Domateslerde Fungal Hastalıklar. Domateslerde Hastalıklar, Zararlılar ve Yabancıotlar. Hasad pp. 35-50. [Google Scholar]
  33. Young, P.A., A.L. Harrison and G.E. Alstatt (1940). Common diseases of tomatoes. Tcx Agr Expt Sta Cir., 1,32-86. [Google Scholar]