International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research
Abbreviation: IJIAAR | ISSN (Online): 2602-4772 | DOI: 10.29329/ijiaar

Original article    |    Open Access
International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research 2019, Vol. 3(4) 566-577

Allelopathic Effects of Pigweed (Amaranthus viridis L.) on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of some Leguminous Crops

Awadallah Belal Dafaallah, Muna H. Yousif & Amna O. Abdelrhman

pp. 566 - 577   |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/ijiaar.2019.217.3

Published online: December 10, 2019  |   Number of Views: 324  |  Number of Download: 938


Abstract

Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were carried out at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gezira, Sudan in season 2014/15. Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of aboveground parts of pigweed (Amaranthus viridis L.) on seed germination of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cowpea (Vigna sinensis [L.] Walp.), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan [L.] Millsp.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Six concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) of the aqueous extract of aboveground parts were prepared from the stock solution (50 g / l). Treatments, for each crop, were arranged in completely randomized design with four replicates. The seeds were examined for germination at three days after initial germination. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the allelopathic effects of powder of aboveground parts of pigweed on seedling growth of the same crops. Powder of aboveground parts was incorporated into the soil at rate of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% on w/w bases in pots. Treatments, for each crop, were arranged in completely randomized design with four replicates. Experiments were terminated at 30 days after sowing and plant height, number of leaves and root length of crop seedlings were measured as well as plant fresh and dry weight. Data were collected and subjected to analysis of variance procedure. Means were separated for significance using Duncan`s Multiple Range Test at p  0.05. The results showed that the aqueous extract of aboveground parts of pigweed significantly reduced seed germination of the tested leguminous crops and there was direct negative relationship between concentration seed germination. Also, the results showed that incorporating powder of aboveground parts into the soil significantly decreased plant height and root length of crop seedlings as well as seedling fresh and dry weight. In addition, the reduction in seedling growth was increased as the powder increased in the soil. Based on results supported by different studies, it was concluded that pigweed has allelopathic affects on seed germination and seedling growth of the leguminous crops.

Keywords: allelochemicals, allelopathic, alfalfa, Amaranthus, common bean, cowpea, leguminous, pigeon pea, pigweed


How to Cite this Article

APA 6th edition
Dafaallah, A.B., Yousif, M.H. & Abdelrhman, A.O. (2019). Allelopathic Effects of Pigweed (Amaranthus viridis L.) on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of some Leguminous Crops . International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research, 3(4), 566-577. doi: 10.29329/ijiaar.2019.217.3

Harvard
Dafaallah, A., Yousif, M. and Abdelrhman, A. (2019). Allelopathic Effects of Pigweed (Amaranthus viridis L.) on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of some Leguminous Crops . International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research, 3(4), pp. 566-577.

Chicago 16th edition
Dafaallah, Awadallah Belal, Muna H. Yousif and Amna O. Abdelrhman (2019). "Allelopathic Effects of Pigweed (Amaranthus viridis L.) on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of some Leguminous Crops ". International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research 3 (4):566-577. doi:10.29329/ijiaar.2019.217.3.

References
  1. Amini, R., S. Ghanepour and F. Movahedpour (2013). Morpho-physiological and phenological changes induced by smooth amaranth allelopathic effects in various types of dry bean. Int. J. Agric. Crop Sci., 5(2), 120-124. [Google Scholar]
  2. Asghari, J. and J. P. Tewari (2007). Allelopathic Potentials of Eight Barley Cultivars on Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. and Setaria viridis (L.) p. Beauv. J. Agric. Sci. Tech., 9, 165-176. [Google Scholar]
  3. Baličević, R., M. Ravlić, M. Knežević and I. Serezlija (2014). Allelopathic effect of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) water extracts on germination and initial growth of maize. J. Anim. Plant Sci., 24 (6), 1844-1848. [Google Scholar]
  4. Bakhshayeshan-Agdam, H., S.Y. Salehi-Lisar, R. Motafakkerazad, A. Talebpour and N. Farsad (2015). Allelopathic effects of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) on germination and growth of cucumber, alfalfa, common bean and bread wheat. Acta Agric. Slov. 105(2), 193-202. [Google Scholar]
  5. Carminate B., G. B. Martin, R. M. Barcelos, I. Gontijo, M. S. de Almeida and V. J. Belinelo (2012). Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Amaranthus vridis L. (Amaranthaceae) on Fusariosis by Piper nigrum L. and on Anthracnose by Musa sp.. Agric. J., 7(3), 215-219. [Google Scholar]
  6. Chung, I. M. and D. A. Miller (1995). Assessment of allelopathic potential of some weed species on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) germination and early seedling growth. Kor. J.  Crop Sci., 15, 121-130. [Google Scholar]
  7. Chung, I. M., K. J. Kim and K. H. Kim (1994). Allelopathic effect of some weed species extracts and residues on alfalfa. Kor. J. Crop Sci., 39, 285-294. [Google Scholar]
  8. de Souza, M. C., L. B. de Carvalho, P.L. da Costa Aguiar Alves and P. R. Fidelis Giancotti (2011). Allelopathy in pigweed (a review). Commun. Plant Sci., 1(1), 5-12. [Google Scholar]
  9. Elbasher, O. A. (2016). Vermination of climate changes using rainfall and temperature as indicators and its impacts on agricultural production in the arid zone of Sudan (1981-210). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Gezira, Sudan. [Google Scholar]
  10. Gholami, B. A., M. Faravani and M. T. Kashki (2011). Allelopathic effects of aqueous extract from Artemisia kopetdaghensis and Satureja hortensison growth and seed germination of weeds. J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci.,1(9), 283-290. [Google Scholar]
  11. Horak, M. J. and T. M. Loughin (2000). Growth analysis of four Amaranthus species. Weed Sci., 48, 347-355. [Google Scholar]
  12. Hussain, F., S. S. Gilani, I. Fatima and M. J. Durrani (2003). Some auto-ecological [Google Scholar]
  13. studies on Amaranthus viridis L.. Pakistan J.  Weed Sci. Res., 9(1-2), 117-124. [Google Scholar]
  14. Hussain, I. M. and M. J. Reigosa (2011). Allelochemical stress inhibits growth, leaf water relations, PSII photochemistry, non-photochemical fluorescence quenching, and heat energy dissipation in three C3 perennial species. J. Exp. Bot., 62(13), 4533-4545. [Google Scholar]
  15. Lorenzi, H. and F. J. A. Matos (2008). Medicinal plants in Brazil: Native and Exotic. 2nd, Editora Plantarum, Nova Odessa, Pages: 576. [Google Scholar]
  16. Malik, K., F. Nawaz and N. Nisar (2016). Antibacterial Activity of Amaranthus viridis. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 5 (4), 76-80. [Google Scholar]
  17. Marinov-Serafimov, P., I. Golubinova and V. Vasileva (2019). Dynamics and distribution of weed species in weed associations. Ind. J. Agric. Sci., 89 (1), 105-110. [Google Scholar]
  18. Namdari, T., R. Amini, S. Sanayei, S. Alavi-Kia and A.M. Nasab (2012). International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 3 (6), 1230-1234. [Google Scholar]
  19. Pulipati, S., P. Srinivasa and M. Lakshmi (2014). Phytochemical and Pharmacological potential of Amaranthus vridis L.. Int. J. Phytomed., 6(3), 322-326. [Google Scholar]
  20. Sangeetha, C. and P. Baskar (2015). Allelopathy in weeds management: A critical review. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 10(9), 1004-1015.  [Google Scholar]
  21. Shrestha, A., and Swanton C. J. (2007). Parameterization of the phonological development of select annual weeds under noncropped field conditions. Weed Sci., 55, 446–454. [Google Scholar]
  22. Suma, S. (1998). A brief study on the environmental physiology of Amaranthus spinosus L. Thesis, Doctorate, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India, 112p. [Google Scholar]
  23. Tabrizi, E. F. M., and M. Yarnia (2011). Allelopathy extracts various parts of pigweed  [Google Scholar]
  24. germination and seedling growth of corn. Ann. Biol. Res., 2(5), 83-86. [Google Scholar]
  25. Teutonico, R. A. and D. Knorr (2011). Amaranthus: Composition, properties and application of a rediscovered food crop. Ecological Agricultura Projects, McGill University, Canada. Htt://eap.mcgill.ca/CPAT l.htm. [Google Scholar]
  26. Velu, G., N. Kempuchetty and S. P. Palaniappan (1990). Crop response to allelopathic effect of Amaranthus. Res. Develop. Rep., 7,193-196. [Google Scholar]