International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research
Abbreviation: IJIAAR | ISSN (Online): 2602-4772 | DOI: 10.29329/ijiaar

Review article    |    Open Access
International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research 2019, Vol. 3(3) 543-549

Hypothetical Radiological Findings in Dogs and Cats Suffering from Insomnia

Avni Robaj & Emilian Shabani

pp. 543 - 549   |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/ijiaar.2019.206.18

Published online: September 30, 2019  |   Number of Views: 86  |  Number of Download: 795


Abstract

Sleep is a vital body function, regulating several biological phenomena. Deprivation studies are one of the ways used to examine the physiological functions and the regulation of the sleep. Sleep deprivation is a stressor, and its’ effects depend on an individual’s prior sleep deficit and distribution during the day. Sleep deprivation can be partial, total, acute, or chronic or specifically focused on one of the sleep phases. Sleep deprivation affects a large spectrum of vital systems such as thermoregulation, energy and mineral balance, and immunofunction. Based on the fact that sleep is a very important process for the normal development of many metabolic pathways, it is logical to think that insomnia has serious organism consequences. Functional irregularities of different organs are always reflected in structural changes that can be identified with imaging techniques. Imaging methods can also help identify problems of animals insomnia.

Keywords: Radiology, diagnosis, insomnia, sleep, biology.


How to Cite this Article

APA 6th edition
Robaj, A. & Shabani, E. (2019). Hypothetical Radiological Findings in Dogs and Cats Suffering from Insomnia . International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research, 3(3), 543-549. doi: 10.29329/ijiaar.2019.206.18

Harvard
Robaj, A. and Shabani, E. (2019). Hypothetical Radiological Findings in Dogs and Cats Suffering from Insomnia . International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research, 3(3), pp. 543-549.

Chicago 16th edition
Robaj, Avni and Emilian Shabani (2019). "Hypothetical Radiological Findings in Dogs and Cats Suffering from Insomnia ". International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research 3 (3):543-549. doi:10.29329/ijiaar.2019.206.18.

References
  1. Allison, T. and D.V.Cicchetti (1976). Sleep in mammals - ecological and constitutional correlates. Science, 194, 732-734. [Google Scholar]
  2. Benington, J.H. and H.C. Heller (1995). Restoration of brain energy-metabolism as the function of sleep . Prog. Neurobiol., 45, 347-360. [Google Scholar]
  3. Bergmann, B., C. Everson, C. Kushida, V. Fang, C. Leitch, D. Schoeller, S. Refetoff and A. Rechtschafen (1989). Sleep-deprivation in the rat 5. Energy use and mediation. Sleep, 12, 31–41. [Google Scholar]
  4. Bonnet, M. (2005). Acute sleep deprivation. In: M.H. Kryger, T.Roth, and W.C. Dement, Eds., Principals and practice of sleep medicine. Elsevier Saunders. Philadelphia., USA. 51-66. [Google Scholar]
  5. Buijs, R.M., C.G. Van Eden, V.D. Goncharuk and A. Kalsbeek (2003). Circadian and seasonal rhythms: The biological clock tunes the organs of the body: timing by hormones and the autonomic nervous system. J. Endocrinol., 177, 17-26. [Google Scholar]
  6. Cirelli, C., P.J. Shaw, A. Rechtschafen and G. Tononi (1999). No evidence of brain cell degeneration after long-term sleep deprivation in rats. Brain Res., 840, 184–93. [Google Scholar]
  7. Elgar, M., M. Pagel and P. Harvey (1988). Sleep in mammals. Anim. Behav., 36, 1407-1419. [Google Scholar]
  8. Everson, C.A. (1995). Functional consequences of sustained sleep deprivation in the rat. Behav. Brain Res., 69, 43-54. [Google Scholar]
  9. Everson, C.A., B.M. Bergmann and A. Rechtschafen (1989). Sleep deprivation in the rat: III. Total sleep deprivation. Sleep, 12, 13–21.  [Google Scholar]
  10. Everson, C.A., M.A. Gilliland, C.A. Kushida, J.J. Pilcher, V.S. Fang and S. Refetoff (1989a). Sleep deprivation in the rat: IX. Recovery. Sleep, 12, 60–67. [Google Scholar]
  11. Kapsimalis, F., G. Varouchakis, A. Manousaki, S. Daskas, D. Nikita and M. Kryger (2008). Cytokines and pathological sleep. Sleep Med., 9, 603-614. [Google Scholar]
  12. Lyamin, O., J. Pryaslova, V. Lance and J. Siegel (2005). Animal behaviour: continuous activity in cetaceans after birth. Nature, 435, 1177.  [Google Scholar]
  13. Marinesco, S., C. Bonnet and R. Cespugloi (1999). Influence of stress duration on the sleep rebound induced by immobilization in the rat: a possible role for corticosterone. Neurosciences, 92, 921–933. [Google Scholar]
  14. Mirmiran, M. (1986). The importance of fetal/neonatal REM sleep. Eur. J. Obstet. Gyn. R. B., 21, 283-291. [Google Scholar]
  15. Morrissey, M. J., S.P. Duntley, A.M. Anch and  R. Nonneman (2004). Active sleep and its role in the prevention of apoptosis in the developing brain. Med. Hypotheses, 62, 876-879. [Google Scholar]
  16. Newman, S.M., E.M. Paletz, N.C. Rattenborg, W.H. Obermeyer, and R.M. Benca (2008). Sleep deprivation in the pigeon using the disk-overwater method. Physiol Behav., 93, 50–58.  [Google Scholar]
  17. Rampin, C., R. Cespuglio, N. Chastrette, and M. Jouvet (1991).  Immobilisation stress induces a paradoxical sleep rebound in rat. Neurosci. Lett., 126,113–118.  [Google Scholar]
  18. Rechtschaffen, A. (1998). Current perspectives on the function of sleep. Perspect. Biol. Med., 41, 359-390. [Google Scholar]
  19. Rechtschaffen, A., and B.M. Bergmann (2002). Sleep deprivation in the rat: an update of the 1989 paper. Sleep, 25, 18–24. [Google Scholar]
  20. Rechtschaffen, A., M.A. Gilliland, B.M. Bergmann, and J.B Winter (1983). Physiological correlates of prolonged sleep deprivation in rats. Science, 221, 182–184. [Google Scholar]
  21. Siegel, J.M. (2005). Clues to the functions of mammalian sleep. Nature., 437, 1264-1271. [Google Scholar]
  22. Siegel, J. M. (2008). Do all animals sleep? Trends Neurosci., 31, 208–13.  [Google Scholar]
  23. Steiger, A. (2002). Sleep and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical system. Sleep Med. Rev., 6, 125-138. [Google Scholar]
  24. Shapiro, C.M. and M.J. Flanigan (1993). ABC of sleep disorders. Function of sleep. Brit. Med. J., 306, 383-385. [Google Scholar]
  25. Tobler, I., (1995). Is sleep fundamentally different between mammalian species? Behav. Brain Res., 69, 35-41. [Google Scholar]
  26. Webb, W.B. (1962). Some effects of prolonged sleep deprivation on the hooded rat. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol., 55,  791–793. [Google Scholar]
  27. Yellon, S.M., and L.D.Longo (1987). Melatonin rhythms in fetal and maternal circulation during pregnancy in sheep. AJP - Endocrinology and Metabolism., 252, E799- E802. [Google Scholar]
  28. Zepelin, H., J.M.Siegel, and I.Tobler (2005). Mammalian Sleep. In: M.H.Kryger, T. Roth, W.C.Dement, Eds., Principles and practice of sleep medicine. Elsevier Saunders, 92-100. [Google Scholar]