Pen Academic Publishing
Journals • Publish with us • Publishing partnership • About Us • Türkçe
Research article | Open Access
International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research 2025, Vol 9(4) 316-325

Genotype × Environmental Interaction Analysis of Multi-Environment Bread Wheat Trials Using AMMI and GGE Biplot

Atom Atanasio Ladu STANSLUOS • Mohamed Baker Alabd Alwahed • Oula Kaso • Thamer Alhenish • Suheila Almasloukh
Cite this article
Article Type
Research article
Publication Date
December 17, 2025
Pages
316-325
DOI
10.29329/ijiaar.2025.1375.4

Abstract

This study was conducted on fifteen genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in three ecological sites within the first environmental area (rain-fed conditions) in Syria during 2019/2020 season. The experiment was designed according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replicates at each site, with the aim of identifying stable high-yield genotypes, the ideal environment, and the appropriate genotype for each environment, using Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) and GGE Biplot models. AMMI demonstrated significant interactions in G, E, and E×G. The principal components PC1 and PC2 explained 100% of the total variance, with the contribution of PC1 being 70.1% and PC2 29.9%. According to the AMMI biplot analysis, the G4, G1 and G6 genotypes were the most productive, and G3 the most stable, while the G15, G10 and G11 genotypes were the least stable. According to GGE Biplot analysis, E2 was the ideal environment compared to the rest of the tested environments, and G6 and G1 were the ideal genotypes, which indicates the importance of these two genotypes and the necessity of investing them in improving grain yield and stability. "which-won-where" analysis showed that the G4 and G8 genotypes had high yields in both E1 and E2 environment, while G1 was suitable for the E3 environment, G15 and G2 were unsuitable for any of the assessed environments.

Keywords: Yield stability Principal components Multiplicative interaction AMMI stability value Ideal genotype
Cite this article
STANSLUOS, A. A. L., Alabd Alwahed, M. B., Kaso, O., Alhenish, T., & Almasloukh, S. (2025). Genotype × Environmental Interaction Analysis of Multi-Environment Bread Wheat Trials Using AMMI and GGE Biplot. International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research, 9(4), 316-325. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijiaar.2025.1375.4

  • Ahmadi, J., Mohammadi, A., & Najafi-Mirak, T. (2012) Targeting promising bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines for cold climate growing environments using AMMI and SREG GGE Biplot analyses. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Technology 14: 645-657. [Google Scholar]
  • Alam, M.A., Sarker, Z.I., Farhad, M., Hakim, M.A., Barma, N.C.D., Hossain, M.I., Rahman, M.M., & Islam, R. (2015) Yield stability of newly released wheat varieties in multi- environments of Bangladesh. International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 6: 150-161. [Google Scholar]
  • Bishwas, K.C., Poudel, M. R., & Regmi, D. (2021). AMMI and GGE biplot analysis of yield of different elite Wheat line under terminal heat stress and irrigated environment. Heliyon, e07206.‏ [Google Scholar]
  • Ceccarelli, S., Grando, S., Baum, M., & Udupa, S. M. (2004). Breeding for drought resistance in a changing climate. Challenges and strategies of dryland agriculture, 32, 167-190.‏ [Google Scholar]
  • Crossa, J. (1990) Statistical analysis of multi-location trials. Advances in Agronomy 44: 55-85. [Google Scholar]
  • El-Morshidy, M.A., Kheiralla, K.A., Abdel-Ghani, A.M., & Abdel-Karim, A.A. (2001). Stability analysis for earliness and grain yield inbred wheat.‏ [Google Scholar]
  • Letta, T. (2007). Genotype-environment interactions and correlation among some stability parameters of yield in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf) genotypes grown in South East Ethiopia. In African Crop Science Conference Proceedings (Vol. 8, pp. 693-698).‏ [Google Scholar]
  • Mohammadi, R., & Amri, A. (2013) Genotype x environment interaction and genetic improvement for yield and yield stability of rainfed durum wheat in Iran. Euphytica 192: 227-249. [Google Scholar]
  • Mohammadi, M., Karimizadeh, R., Sabaghnia, N., & Shefazadeh, M. K. (2012). Genotype à Environment Interaction and Yield Stability Analysis of New Improved Bread Wheat Genotypes. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 17(1), 67-73.‏ [Google Scholar]
  • Munar,o L.B., Benin, G., Marchioro, V.S., Franco, F.A., Silva, R.R., Lemes da Silva, C., & Beche, E. (2014) Brazilian spring wheat homogeneous adaptation regions can be dissected in major mega environments. Crop Science 54: 1-10. [Google Scholar]
  • Nachit, M.M., & Elouafi, I. (2004). Durum wheat adaptation in the Mediterranean dryland: Breeding, stress physiology, and molecular markers. Challenges and strategies of dryland agriculture, 32, 203-218.‏ [Google Scholar]
  • Oral, E., Kendal, E., & Dogan, Y. (2018) Selection the best barley genotypes to multi and special environments by AMMI and GGE biplot models. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 27: 5179-5187. [Google Scholar]
  • Rakshit, S., Ganapathy, K.N., Gomashe, S.S., Swapna, M., More, A., Gadakh, S.R., Ghorade, R.B., Kajjidoni, S.T., Solanki, B.G., Biradar, B.D. & Prabhakar, (2014) GGE biplot analysis of genotype × environment interaction in rabi grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 74: 558-563. [Google Scholar]
  • Sharifi P, Hashem A, Rahman E, Ali M and Abouzar A (2017) Evaluation of Genotype × Environment Interaction in Rice Based on AMMI Model in Iran. Rice Science 24: 173-180. [Google Scholar]
  • Singh, C., Gupta, A., Gupta, V., Kumar, P., Sendhil, R., Tyagi, B. S., ... & Singh, G. P. (2019). Genotype x environment interaction analysis of multi-environment wheat trials in India using AMMI and GGE biplot models. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 19, 309-318.‏ [Google Scholar]
  • Smutná, P., Mylonas, I., & Tokatlidis, I. S. (2021). The Use of Stability Statistics to Analyze Genotype×Environments Interaction in Rainfed Wheat Under Diverse Agroecosystems. International Journal of Plant Production, 1-11. [Google Scholar]
  • Tekdal S and Kendal E (2018) AMMI model to assess durum wheat genotypes in multi- environment trials. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Technology 20: 153-166. [Google Scholar]
  • Tonk FA, Ilker E and Tosun M (2011) Evaluation of genotype x environment interactions in maize hybrids using GGE biplot analysis. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 11: 1-9. [Google Scholar]
  • Yaghotipoor, A., Farshadfar, E., & Saeidi, M. (2017). Evaluation of phenotypic stability in bread wheat accessions using parametric and non-parametric methods. JAPS: Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 27(4).‏ [Google Scholar]
  • Yan W and Kang MS (2002) GGE-biplot analysis: A graphical tool for breeders, geneticists, and agronomists. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 288p. [Google Scholar]
  • Yan W and Tinker NA (2006) Biplot analysis of multi-environment trial data: Principles and applications. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86: 623-645. [Google Scholar]
  • Zobel RW, Wright MJ and Gauch HG (1988) Statistical analysis of a yield trial. Agronomy Journal 80: 388-393. [Google Scholar]