Research article | Open Access
International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research Volume 10 (2026)
pp. 1 - 18 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/ijiaar.2026.1423.10
Publish Date: May 27, 2026 | Single/Total View: 0/0 | Single/Total Download: 0/0
Abstract
Ficus lyrata (fiddle-leaf fig), belonging to the Moraceae family, is a plant species of significant commercial value among indoor ornamentals due to its large, glossy leaves and attractive appearance. Its durability and decorative quality have made it highly demanded in both domestic and international markets. However, conventional vegetative propagation methods exhibit low rooting rates, slow multiplication, and considerable morphological variation among the produced plants. Therefore, in vitro propagation through tissue culture offers an important alternative for producing large quantities of genetically uniform and disease-free plant material. One of the common problems observed in Ficus lyrata plants propagated under in vitro conditions is the development of thin and weak stems accompanied by excessive elongation, which negatively affects overall plant form, reduces seedling quality, and decreases acclimatization success. To address these issues, this study investigated the dose-dependent effects of paclobutrazol (PBZ), a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor, on the morphological quality of F. lyrata during both the multiplication and rooting stages under in vitro conditions. Shoot tip explants derived from the 3rd subculture of aseptic stock cultures were cultured on Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with four PBZ concentrations (0.05, 0.10, 0.25, and 0.50 mg L⁻¹) alongside a control group, with five explants per treatment (n = 5). Cultures were incubated for four weeks at 25 ± 1°C under a 16-hour photoperiod. Shoot length, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf width, and color vividness were evaluated and data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test (p < 0.05). The 0.10 mg L⁻¹ PBZ treatment produced the most favorable morphological response in both stages, yielding compact shoots with increased stem diameter and expanded leaf area. Higher concentrations (0.25-0.50 mg L⁻¹) significantly suppressed growth, causing leaf deformation and chlorosis, while the lowest dose (0.05 mg L⁻¹) had limited effects. These results indicate that low-dose PBZ application is an effective strategy for enhancing plant quality in the in vitro propagation of F. lyrata, offering a valuable biotechnological approach for improving both production efficiency and market quality in the ornamental plant industry.
Keywords: Tissue Culture, Ficus lyrata, Micropropagation, Paclobutrazol
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