Influence of Fertilization and Environmental Conditions on the Phenological and Morphological Development of Carrot Plants During Seed Production

Alexander Trayanov, Nikolay Panayotov & Kalinka Kouzmova

doi:https://doi.org/10.29329/ijiaar.2018.174.13

Original article | Open Access
International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research 2018, Vol. 2(4) 408-424

Influence of Fertilization and Environmental Conditions on the Phenological and Morphological Development of Carrot Plants During Seed Production

Alexander Trayanov, Nikolay Panayotov & Kalinka Kouzmova

pp. 408 - 424 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/ijiaar.2018.174.13

Published online: December 17, 2018 | Number of Views: 197 | Number of Download: 726

Download PDF

Abstract

The main goal of the present study was to establish the influence of different rate of fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and interaction with the environmental conditions and their effect on phenological development of the carrot seed plant. The experiment was carried out in the Experimental fields of the Agricultural University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria with carrot variety Tushon. The plants were grown by conventional technology with steckling. Two way of fertilization was applied. In the first one, the total amounts of fertilizers were put in the autumn soil treatment and in the second one, it was split twice - in autumn the half and the other in spring in stecklings planting. The phenophases of beginning and mass: developed of leave rosette; appearing, flowering, developed and maturity of the seed of central, primary, secondary and tertiary umbels were recorded. Morphological characteristic of seed plant as a high and total vegetative weight was established. The average daily temperature, maximal and minimal temperature, rainfall and the hydrothermal coefficient of vegetation period were calculated. The relations between phenological behaviors and morphological development and elements of climatic conditions were determinated. The significance of the environmental conditions on the phenological development, especially for appearing of the umbels and flowering as well as the maturity of the seeds was established.

Keywords: Seed, Phenophases, Climate conditions, Development, Temperature

How to Cite this Article

APA 6th edition
Trayanov, A., Panayotov, N. & Kouzmova, K. (2018). Influence of Fertilization and Environmental Conditions on the Phenological and Morphological Development of Carrot Plants During Seed Production. International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research, 2(4), 408-424. doi: 10.29329/ijiaar.2018.174.13

Harvard
Trayanov, A., Panayotov, N. and Kouzmova, K. (2018). Influence of Fertilization and Environmental Conditions on the Phenological and Morphological Development of Carrot Plants During Seed Production. International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research, 2(4), pp. 408-424.

Chicago 16th edition
Trayanov, Alexander, Nikolay Panayotov and Kalinka Kouzmova (2018). "Influence of Fertilization and Environmental Conditions on the Phenological and Morphological Development of Carrot Plants During Seed Production". International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Agricultural Research 2 (4):408-424. doi:10.29329/ijiaar.2018.174.13.

References

Aswort, S. (2002). Seed to Seed. Published by Seed savers exchange Inc, Decorah, Iowa, USA, 228. [Google Scholar]
Atherton, J. G., J., Craigon and E. A. Basher (1990). Flowering and bolting in carrot. I. Juvenility, cardinal temperatures and thermal times for vernalization. J. Hortic. Sci., 65 (4), 423-429. [Google Scholar]
Chira, E., R. Badea and G. Sbîrciog (2008). Researches concerning the receptivity of the carrot flower (Daucus carota L.) stigma depending on the morphological type of the flower and temperature. Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture, 65 (1), 473-473. [Google Scholar]
Corbineau, F., M. A. Picard, A. Bonnet and D. Côme (1995). Effects of production factors on germination responses of carrot seeds to temperature and oxygen. Seed Sci. Res., 5 (3), 129-135. [Google Scholar]
Craigon, J., J. G. Atherton and E. A. Basher (1990). Flowering and bolting in carrot. II. Prediction in growth room, glasshouse and field environments. J.Hortic. Sci., 65 (5), 547-554. [Google Scholar]
Dimova, D. and E. Marinkov (1999). Experimental design and biometry, Publish house of Agricultural University-Plovdiv, 65-79. (Bg). [Google Scholar]
Duczmal, K. W. and K. Tylkowska (1997). Carrot seed market and prospects for carrot seed production in Poland. J. Appl. Genet., 38, 5-12. [Google Scholar]
Florea, C. N. and E. Stefănescu (2009). The phenophase study of one carrot range for obtaining production seed in the environmental condition at SCDL Buzău. Horticultură Seria B, 53, 118-122. [Google Scholar]
Fowel, J. and L. Cohen (1992). Practicle statistics for field biology. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 100-223. [Google Scholar]
George, R. (2004). Vegetable seed production. CABI Publishing. Walington, Oxon, UK, 328. [Google Scholar]
Gray, D., J. R. A. Steckel and J. A. Ward (1983) Studies on carrot seed production: effects of plant density on yield and components of yield. J. Hortic. Sci., 58 (1), 83-90. [Google Scholar]
Gray, D., J. Steckel, J. Dearman and P. Brocklehurst (1988). Some effects of temperature during seed development on carrot (Daucus carrota), seed growth and quality. Ann. Appl. Biol., 112, 367-376. [Google Scholar]
Kahangi, E. M, J. A. Chweya, L. S. M. Akundabweni and D. M. Munyinyi (1996). Effect of natural and artificial chilling in carrot Daucus carota L. at different locations in Kenya. II. Effect on seed maturity, seedstalk height, umbel number, seed yield and subsequent germination of the harvested seed. J. Hortic. Sci., 71 (5), 813-818. [Google Scholar]
Kouzmova, K. (2003). Agrometeorology. Academic press of Agricultural University, Plovdiv, 147-154. (Bg) [Google Scholar]
Kushwaha, M. L. (2009). Effect of spacing and various levels of nitrogen on seed crop of carrot (Daucus carota L.). Pantnagar J. Res.,7 (1), 73-76. [Google Scholar]
Panayotov, N. (2010). Heterogeneity of carrot seed in depends on their position on the mother plant. Folia Hortic., 22 (1), 25-30. [Google Scholar]
Potapsky, U. (2015). Influence of sowing terms on the field germination of seed and phenophase of growth and development of carrot. ScienceRise, 8, (13) 94-97. [Google Scholar]
Rao, V. K. and C. P. Maurya (1998). Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and seed production of carrot (Daucus carota L.) cv. Nantes. Prog. Hortic, 30 (3-4), 186-189. [Google Scholar]
Ravinder, S. and H. S. Kanwar (2002). Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on growth and seed yield of temperate carrot cultivar Nantes. Himachal J. Agric. Res. 28 (1-2),40-42. [Google Scholar]
Sadras V. O., F. J. Villalobos and E. Fereres (2016). Crop Development and Growth. In: Villalobos F., E. Fereres (eds.) Principles of Agronomy for Sustainable Agriculture. Springer, Cham, 141-158. [Google Scholar]
Satyaveer, S., B. K. Nehra and Y. S. Malik (1994). Carrot seed yield and quality as influenced by different order umbels under varying nitrogen, plant density and geometry. Crop Res. (Hisar) 8 (3), 543-548. [Google Scholar]
Singh, A. K. (1996). Effect of nitrogen and potash on seed yield of carrot (Daucus carota L.) cv. Pusa Kesar. Crop Res. (Hisar) 12 (2),182-184. [Google Scholar]
Sparks, T. H., E. P. Jeffree and C. E. Jeffree (2000). An examination of the relationship between flowering times and temperature at the national scale using long-term phenological records from the UK. Int. J. Biometeorol., 44, 82–87. [Google Scholar]
Stepuro, M. F. (2018). Chemical composition of seeds, removal and balance of the nutritive elements in soil in seed production of carrot and fennel in greenhouse conditions . Ovoshchevodstvo (Belarus), 14, 256-264. [Google Scholar]

Volume 2 Issue 4

December 2018

All Articles